Abstract
Biodiversity conservation requires advanced and effective ex situ plant propagation techniques. The present study was conducted to optimize the micropropagation of a rare and endangered species of Malus niedzwetzkyana. The objective was the ex situ conservation and reintroduction, via micropropagation, of this species. Further, we aimed to obtain healthy planting material on a large-scale for commercial implementation. To study shoot multiplication, we examined the effects of three cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, and thidiazuron) supplemented to Quoirin–Lepoivre (QL) culture medium. To examine the rooting of the shoots, we tested the effects of the macronutrient concentration of the QL medium (at 1×, 0.5×, and 0.25× concentration), and of its sucrose content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The optimized micropropagation technology provided a high propagation rate (28.77 new shoots per explant) on QL medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.01 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All shoots developed roots on 0.5× QL media with the addition of 10 mg L−1 sucrose and 1.5 mg L−1 IBA, producing a mean of 11.8 roots per explant. Using nine pairs of simple sequence repeat primers, no somaclonal variation was detected among the plantlets produced using the 13 treatments. Thus, the proposed technology makes it possible to preserve and reproduce the valuable genetic material of the M. niedzwetzkyana in the laboratory and natural conditions. This study demonstrates how biotechnology can be effectively used as an ex situ conservation strategy for this endangered species.
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Funding
This research was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science Republic of Kazakhstan, IRN No. BR05236334 for 2018–2020, for these projects: “Creation of a biobank of microorganisms, cell cultures, genomic and genetic engineering materials to preserve biodiversity and provide a resource base for biotechnology” and “Creation of an in vitro collection of cells and tissues of rare and endangered plant species to preserve biodiversity,” and The Science Committee of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the Fostering Productive Innovation Project No. APP-SSG-16/0698P: “Technology commercialization micropropagation of woody plants for industrial use in urban landscaping.”
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection and analysis were performed by Nurtaza Aidana, Magzumova Gulmira, Yessimseitova Assel, Karimova Venera, Shevtsov Alexandr, Silayev Dmitriy, Lutsay Viktoriya, and Kakimzhanova Almagul. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Kakimzhanova Almagul and Nurtaza Aidana and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conceptualization: Kakimzhanova Almagul, Nurtaza Aidana; methodology: Nurtaza Aidana, Magzumova Gulmira, Yessimseitova Assel, Karimova Venera, Shevtsov Alexandr, Silayev Dmitriy, Lutsay Viktoriya, and Kakimzhanova Almagul; formal analysis and investigation: Kakimzhanova Almagul, Nurtaza Aidana; writing – original draft preparation: Kakimzhanova Almagul, Nurtaza Aidana; writing – review and editing: Kakimzhanova Almagul; funding acquisition: Kakimzhanova Almagul; resources: Kakimzhanova Almagul, Shevtsov Alexandr; supervision: Kakimzhanova Almagul.
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Editor: Wenhao Dai
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Nurtaza, A., Magzumova, G., Yessimseitova, A. et al. Micropropagation of the endangered species Malus niedzwetzkyana for conservation biodiversity in Kazakhstan. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 57, 965–976 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10174-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10174-4