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A revisiting of “the hallmarks of aging” in domestic dogs: current status of the literature

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Abstract

A progressive decline in biological function and fitness is, generally, how aging is defined. However, in 2013, a description on the “hallmarks of aging” in mammals was published, and within it, it described biological processes that are known to alter the aging phenotype. These include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication (inflammation), and changes within the microbiome. This mini-review provides a detailed account of the progress on each of these hallmarks of aging in the domestic dog within the last 5 years. Additionally, when there are gaps in the literature between other mammalian species and dogs, I highlight the aging biomarkers that may be missing for dogs as aging models. I also argue for the importance of dog aging studies to include several breeds of dogs at differing ages and for age corrections for breeds with differing mean lifespans throughout.

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Data availability

There is no raw data included within this manuscript.

Materials availability

For any inquiries, please email ajimenez@colgate.edu.

Abbreviations

CNV:

Copy number variant

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell or leukocyte

SIRT1:

Sirtuin 1

IGF-1:

Insulin growth factor-1

H4K16ac, H4K20me3, H3K4me3, H3K9me, H3K27me3:

Different types of histone modifications

HSP:

Heat shock protein

Hsp-70:

Heat shock protein 70

βA:

Beta amyloid

Hsc70:

Heat shock cognate 70

HSF-1:

Heat shock factor 1

GH:

Growth hormone

CR:

Calorie restriction/restricted

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

OS:

Oxidative stress

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

SOD:

Super oxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

8-OHdg:

A type of oxidative DNA damage

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

AGE:

Advanced glycation end-product

PGC1-α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha

ETC:

Electron transport chain

γH2AX:

DNA damage marker

SCs:

Satellite cells

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

IL-1β:

Interleukins(IL)-1β

IL-6:

Interleukins(IL)-6

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

sj-TREC:

Signal joint T cell receptor excision circle

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  1. Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY, 133546, USA

    Ana Gabriela Jiménez

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Jiménez, A.G. A revisiting of “the hallmarks of aging” in domestic dogs: current status of the literature. GeroScience 46, 241–255 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00911-5

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