Abstract
Introduction
Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a crop with medicinal properties and numerous bioactive compounds. Ripening is a complex process that regulates fruit quality and changes in metabolite content, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and organic acids.
Objectives
This study aimed to analyze the phenolic profiling of soursop fruit ripening.
Methods
The metabolic changes in different days of storage of soursop fruits were investigated using a semi-metabolomic approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Further, multivariate analysis such as supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted to identify differential metabolites.
Results
A total of 68 metabolites were identified in soursop fruit during postharvest storage. A higher number of metabolites were identified in the Day zero (D0) compared to the Day one (D1), Day three (D3), and Day five (D5), belonging to flavonoids, other polyphenols, phenolic acids, and organic acids. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the pathways of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were mostly enriched. Additionally, we included all the compounds and their postharvest storage in the public Phenolics profile database.
Conclusions
Here, we show that the stage of ripening has a significant effect on the phenolic content, highlighting the point of cut (D0) and the onset of senescence (D5). The findings of this study provide new insights into the soursop fruit quality and may contribute to the identification of metabolic markers for its storage.
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Data availability
All data are available upon reasonable request. Further, all the phenolic compounds identified are deposited in http://perseo.uan.mx/bioinformatica/phenolicsprofiledatabase.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thanks Enrique Rafael Chávez Pacheco for the help in the development of the Phenolic Profile database.
Funding
This research was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), grant number 319996: “Análisis integral de datos transcriptómicos y metabolómicos asociados a la calidad de los frutos de guanábana (Annona muricata L.) durante almacenamiento poscosecha”.
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V.A.O-J performed the analysis, curate the data and wrote the main manuscript text. G.B-V and P.U.B-R conceptualize the idea and write and edit the main manuscript. Further G.B-V acquired the grants to perform the experiment. P.U.B-R supervise the whole experiment. A.R.M and I.F.P-R develop the experimental techniques and R.B-M collect the fruit samples and edit the final manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Ochoa-Jiménez, V.A., Berumen-Varela, G., Pérez-Ramírez, I.F. et al. Metabolomics approach for phenolic compounds profiling of soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit during postharvest storage. Metabolomics 20, 26 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-024-02093-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-024-02093-3