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Niche and neutral-based processes differ in importance for common and rare species in a metacommunity of anurans in subtropical grasslands

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Abstract

Most species-rich communities consist of a limited number of common species and many rare species. This widespread ecological pattern can arise due to the predominance of either niche-based or neutral-based processes in community structuring. We tested two hypotheses related to this pattern for an anuran metacommunity composed of 35 species distributed in 187 ponds in the South Brazilian grasslands: (1) for common species, niche processes should prevail over neutral ones because common species evolved under a wider range of ecological filters than rare species; (2) for rare species, neutral processes should prevail because rare species are more prone to ecological drift and dispersion limitation. We found that the densities of both common (i.e., the 25% higher density ones) and rare (i.e., the 75% lower density ones) species depended mostly on pond structure and land use, indicating a similar response to niche-based processes in both groups of species. The importance of pond descriptors and type of land use, however, differed between the two groups, confirming that common and rare species represent ecologically distinct groups within the metacommunity. In addition, neutral processes—related to dispersion limitation or not—influenced both species groups, but the spatial filters selected explained a smaller portion of the variation in species densities compared to environmental descriptors. Our findings showcase the prevalence of niche processes in structuring communities of common and rare species of anurans in subtropical grasslands and indicate the variables of pond structure and land use that are relevant to guide conservation practices for the metacommunity of anurans in the South Brazilian grasslands.

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Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18qv

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to D. B. Provete and V. H. M. Prado, for aid with statistical analyses. S.I. was a recipient of a postdoctoral FAPESP fellowship (Grant #2016/16899-0), T.G.S, S.Z.C. and V.D.P. received CNPq-Brazil research fellowships (processes #308687/2016-17, #309095/2016-6, and #307689/2014-0 respectively). We are also grateful for the licenses granted by SISBIO/RAN (#29509) and SEMA (#382) and to all members of the project 'SISBIOTA: Biodiversidade dos campos e dos ecótonos campo-floresta no sul do Brasil: bases ecológicas para sua conservação e uso sustentável' (CNPq/FAPERGS Grant #563271/2010-8 to V.D.P.).

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  1. LAGE at the Department of Ecology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil

    Samanta Iop & Paulo Inácio Prado

  2. Departament of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil

    Vinícius Matheus Caldart

  3. Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil

    Eduardo Vélez-Martin & Valério De Patta Pillar

  4. Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, 97300-000, Brazil

    Tiago Gomes dos Santos

  5. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil

    Sonia Zanini Cechin

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We, Samanta Iop, Vinícius Matheus Caldart, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Tiago Gomes dos Santos, Paulo Inácio Prado, Valério De Patta Pillar, Sonia Zanini Cechin declare that our manuscript is based on previously unpublished original research and has not been submitted to another journal for publication and we do not have any conflict of interest.

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Iop, S., Caldart, V.M., Vélez-Martin, E. et al. Niche and neutral-based processes differ in importance for common and rare species in a metacommunity of anurans in subtropical grasslands. Hydrobiologia 851, 2357–2371 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05461-7

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