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Ecotoxicological responses of Daphnia magna and Eisenia andrei in landfill leachate

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Abstract

Leachate toxicity using bioindicators such as microcrustaceans and earthworms has not been fully elucidated. These bioindicators are traditionally determined through physicochemical and microbiological analyses. The ecotoxicological assessment of leachate using indicator organisms from different environments is a technique to ensure the treatment and safe disposal of this effluent with minimum impact on human health and the environment. The current study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological responses of Daphnia magna and Eisenia andrei in landfill leachate, identifying which organism was more sensitive to this effluent. The leachate used in ecotoxicological tests was collected at the Campina Grande Sanitary Landfill (ASCG), Paraíba, Brazil. The leachate sample contained a high content of organic matter in the form of chemical oxygen demand (19496.86 mg.L−1) and ammoniacal nitrogen (2198.00 mg.NL−1), in addition to metals with carcinogenic potential, such as Cr (0.64 mg.L−1) and Fe (1.16 mg.L−1). The exposure of Daphnia magna to the leachate showed that the effluent is harmful to aquatic organisms, obtaining an EC 50, 48 h = 1.22%, FT of 128 and a TU of 81.96%. Among the contaminant concentrations tested in Eisenia andrei, 57% (59.28 mL.kg−1) caused the highest lethality, causing the death of 21 earthworms within 72 hours of exposure. The avoidance test showed that exposure to leachate concentrations between 10.38 and 39.86 mL.kg−1 led to the leakage of earthworms, and habitat loss was observed at a concentration of 55.80 mL.kg−1, in which leak response (LR) ≥80% was obtained. This study demonstrates that the mentioned organisms are suitable for ecotoxicological tests in landfill leachate. Moreover, the microcrustacean Daphnia magna showed the most significant sensitivity, presenting a rapid ecotoxicological response to the leachate.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the financial support provided by the Higher Education Improvement Coordination (CAPES; finance code 001).

Author contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. EMS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Software and Data curation, Writing. NAG: Writing, Methodology and Data curation. SCN: Writing, Methodology and Investigation. BMAN: Writing, Methodology and Reviewing. VEDM: Conceptualization, Supervision, and Validation. MCM: Supervision, Reviewing and Visualization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, 58410050, Brazil

    Elisângela Maria da Silva, Naiara Angelo Gomes & Samanda Costa do Nascimento

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea

    Breno Moura de Araújo Nóbrega

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, 58175000, Brazil

    Márcio Camargo de Melo & Veruschka Escarião Dessoles Monteiro

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  1. Elisângela Maria da Silva
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  2. Naiara Angelo Gomes
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Correspondence to Breno Moura de Araújo Nóbrega.

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da Silva, E.M., Gomes, N.A., do Nascimento, S.C. et al. Ecotoxicological responses of Daphnia magna and Eisenia andrei in landfill leachate. Ecotoxicology 31, 1299–1309 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02587-7

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