Abstract
Culture is the most difficult thing about an organization to change in a lasting way. Our paper is predicated upon the idea that better ethics leadership through change is the foundation to more successful implementation of change. Ethical culture will enable the firm to initiate the change process from a stronger position: the obstacles to change such as mistrust, fear of uncertainty, failure of communication and empowerment will be easier to overcome in an atmosphere pursuing the ethically correct approach, combining ethical leadership with an ethical corporate culture. Our idea goes one step beyond the virtuous change circle by incorporating a series of check points a leader can reference to stay on a course of change management based in good ethical principle that will lead to effective change. Our model incorporates the concept of values into the management of change; this allows for a more comprehensive approach to change management by the utilization of well-known change management principles used in conjunction with basic principles of ethics. We argue that the change leader can depend on this more comprehensive approach for a better assurance of ethical and therefore more effective change. Our idea also would be effective regardless of the type of change confronting the organization and/or the leaders of the firm. Our point is that, while change is by its nature hard and there is an inclination to resist change, with ethical change management, the firm has a better chance of success.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
No data are associated with this article.
References
Ackerman, L. S. (1986). Development, transition or transformation: The question of change in organisations. OD Practitioner, 18(4), 1–9.
Adler, N. (1997). International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.). Southwestern College Publishing.
Antonellis, P. J., Jr. (2014). How politics and ethics can affect change management. Fire Engineering, 39(6), 81–88.
Armenakis, A., Brown, S., & Mehta, A. (2011). Organizational culture: Assessment and transformation. Journal of Change Management, 11(3), 305–328.
Bass, B. M., & Steidlemeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181–217.
Bentham, J. (1970). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Athlone Press London.
Boomer, L. G. (2011). Want to change your results? change your culture. Accounting Today, 25(3), 25–26.
Brown, A. (1994). Transformational leadership in tackling technical change. Journal of General Management, 19(4), 1–12.
Burnes, B. (2009). Reflections: Ethics and organizational change – time for a return to Lewinian values. Journal of Change Management, 9(4), 359–381.
Burnes, B., & By, R. T. (2012). Leadership and change: The case for greater ethical clarity. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(2), 239–252.
Burns, J. (1978). Leadership. Harper Collins New York.
By, R. T. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4), 369–380.
By, R. T., Burnes, B., & Oswick, C. (2012). Change management: Leadership, values and ethics. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 1–5.
Byus, K., Deis, D., & Ouyang, B. (2010). Doing well by doing good: Corporate social responsibility and profitability. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 75(1), 44–55.
Coetzee, R., Visagie, J., & Ukpere, W. (2014). Responding to change in a large organization from a leadership angle. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(20), 827–837.
Covey, S. R. (1991). Principle-centered leadership. Simon & Schuster.
Davidhuizer, R., & Shearer, R. (1997). Giving encouragement as a transformational leadership technique. Health Care Supervisor, 15(3), 16–21.
DeGeorge, R. T. (2010). Business Ethics (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Denham, J., & Kaberon, R. (2012). Culture is king: How culture contributes to innovation. Journal of Product Innovation, 29(3), 358–360.
Dixon, D. (1998). The balanced CEO: A transformational leader and a capable manager. Healthcare Forum Journal, 41(2), 26–29.
Donaldson, T., & Presto, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. The Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91.
Falconer, J. (2002). Emergence happens! Misguided paradigms regarding organizational change and the role of complexity and patterns in the change landscape. Emergence, 4(1/2), 117–130.
Felkins, P. K., Chakiris, B. J., & Chakiris, K. N. (1993). Change management: A model for effective organizational performance. Quality Resources.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
Gebert, D., Piske, R., Baga, T., Lanwehr, R., & Kearney, E. (2006). Empowerment in the context of transformational change: A study of acquisitions and privatizations in Eastern Europe. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 12(3), 101–118.
Graetz, F. (2000). Strategic change leadership. Management Decision, 38(8), 550–564.
Indriastuti, D., & Fachrunnisa, O. (2021). Achieving organizational change: Preparing individuals to change and their impact on performance. Public Organization Review, 21(3), 377–391.
Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Employee engagement and organization change initiatives: Does transformational leadership, valence, and trust make a difference? Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 40(3), 50–62.
Jin, K. G., Drozdenko, R., & DeLoughy, S. (2013). The role of corporate value clusters in ethics, social responsibility, and performance: A study of financial professionals and implications for the financial meltdown. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(1), 15–24.
Jones, J., Aguirre, D., & Calderone, M. (2004). 10 Principles of change management: Tools and techniques to help companies transform quickly Strategy + Business Magazine. Booz & Company Resilience Report.
Kant, I. (1969). Foundations of the metaphysics of morals: Text and critical essays. Bobbs-Merril Co.
King, S. (1994). What is the latest on leadership? Management Development Review, 7(6), 7–9.
Klaic, A., Burtscher, M., & Klaus, J. (2020). Fostering team innovation and learning by means of team-centric transformational leadership: The role of teamwork quality. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(4), 942–966.
Lawson, R., Hatch, T., & Desroches, D. (2013). How corporate culture affects performance management. Strategic Finance, 94(7), 42–50.
Lefebvre, V. A. (1982). Algebra of conscience: A comparative analysis of Western and Soviet ethical systems. D. Reidel.
Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in group dynamics. Human Relations, 1(1), 5–41.
Litch, B. (2005). Facing change in an organization: How to chart your way through the chaos. Healthcare Executive, 20(5), 20–24.
Long, S., & Spurlock, D. G. (2008). Motivation and stakeholder acceptance in technology-driven change management: Implications for the engineering manager. Engineering Management Journal, 20(2), 30–36.
Long, V. (2014). Turning the local government ship starboard: Six keys to activating organizational culture change. Public Management, 96(1), 16–19.
Luthans, F., & Doh, J. P. (2012). International management: Culture, strategy and behavior (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
MacLean, R. (2012). Organizational design: Business literature insights. Environmental Quality Management, 22(2), 103–115.
Mink, O. (1992). Creating new organizational paradigms for change. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 9(1), 21–23.
Nahar, A., & Nigah, R. K. (2018). Ethical Organizational Culture- A Way to Employee Engagement. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 10(4), 18–29.
Payne, D., & Landry, B. (2005). Similarities in business and IT professional ethics: The need for and development of a comprehensive code of ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 62(1), 73–85.
Prokesch, S. (2009). How GE teaches teams to lead change. Harvard Business Review, 87(1), 99–106.
Raiborn, C., & Payne, D. (1990). Corporate codes of conduct: A collective conscience and continuum. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(11), 879–889.
Ricketts, K. G. (2009). Leadership vs. management. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension ELK1–103: 1–5.
Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Lord, R. G., Trevino, L. K., Dimotakis, N., & Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels. Academy of Management Journal, 55(5), 1053–1078.
Schein, C. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Schuster, J. (1994). Transforming Your Leadership Style. Association Management, 46(1), L39–L43.
Shieh, C. J., & Wang, I. M. (2010). A study of the relationships between corporate core competence, management innovation and corporate culture. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 2(3), 395–411.
Tanasoaica, L.-G. (2008). Change management – Resistance to the change. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Series, 17(4), 622–624.
Tracey, J. B., & Hinkin, T. R. (1998). Transformational leadership or effective managerial practices? Group & Organization Management, 23(3), 220–236.
Trompenaars, F. (1993). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. Irwin.
Tseng, H. C., Duan, C. H., Tung, H. L., & Kung, H. J. (2010). Modern business ethics research: Concepts, theories and relationships. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(4), 587–597.
Tucker, B. A., & Russell, R. F. (2004). The influence of the transformational leader. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 10(4), 103–111.
Velasquez, M. G. (1998). Business Ethics, Concepts and Cases (4th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Verkuyten, M., Rood-Pijpers, E., Elffers, H., & Hessing, D. J. (1994). Rules for breaking formal rules: Social representations and everyday rule-governed behavior. Journal of Psychology, 128(5), 485–493.
Wood-Harper, A. T., Corder, S., Wood, J. R. G., & Watson, H. (1996). How we profess: The ethical systems analyst. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 39(3), 69–77.
Zanko, M., Badham, R., Couchman, P., & Schubert, M. (2008). Innovation and HRM: Absences and politics. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(4), 562–581.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no known conflicts of interest. The research does not involve human nor animal participants. There is not need for informed consent.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Payne, D., Trumbach, C. & Soharu, R. The Values Change Management Cycle: Ethical Change Management. J Bus Ethics 188, 429–440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05306-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05306-8