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Influence of periodontal inflammation on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Objectives

Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary way of degrading tryptophan (TRP) and generates several bioactive metabolites (such as kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKYN)) to regulate biological processes that include host-microbiome signaling and immune cell response. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between periodontal inflammation and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and identify their association with periodontal clinical parameters.

Materials and methods

Saliva and serum samples were collected from 20 stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis patients, and 20 periodontally healthy control individuals. Samples were analyzed for IL-6, KYN, TRP, KYN/TRP ratio, KYNA, 3OHKYN, picolinic acid (PA), and quinolinic acid (QA) by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP)) were recorded.

Results

Clinical parameters were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Salivary IL-6, TRP, KYN, KYNA, PA, and QA levels were significantly higher and KYN/TRP ratio was significantly lower in periodontitis group than control group (p < 0.05). Serum KYN, KYN/TRP ratio and PA levels were significantly higher in periodontitis group than control group (p < 0.05). PPD, BOP, PI, and CAL had significantly positive correlations with salivary IL-6, TRP, PA, QA, and serum KYN and significantly negative correlations with salivary KYN/TRP ratio.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that periodontal inflammation plays a role in local and systemic tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism.

Clinical relevance

Due to their effects on the immune and inflammatory systems, kynurenines may be potential agents for diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases.

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Notes

  1. Human IL-6 ELISA Kit, Uscn, Cloud-Clone Corp, USA.

  2. Synergy HT Microplate Reader, Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, WT, USA.

  3. TSQ Quantum Access MAX Triple Stage Quadrupole Mass, Thermo Scientific, USA.

  4. SPSS for Windows v.26, IBM SPSS Inc., New York, NY, USA.

  5. 3.1.9.2 G*Power; https://www.psychologie.hhu.de/arbeitsgruppen/allgemeine-psychologie-und-arbeitspsychologie/gpower.html

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the Ankara University Department of Periodontology and by the İstanbul Medipol University Department of Periodontology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    Şivge Kurgan, Canan Önder, Nihan Akdoğan & Meral Günhan

  2. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Nur Balcı

  3. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey

    S. Merve Altıngöz

  4. Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Muhittin A. Serdar

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Kurgan, Ş., Önder, C., Balcı, N. et al. Influence of periodontal inflammation on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Invest 26, 5721–5732 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04528-4

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