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Influence of cyclic loading in NiTi austenitic and R-phase endodontic files from a finite element perspective

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the effects of cyclic loading on the bending moments and the developed stress state of austenitic and R-phase endodontic files through finite element analysis.

Materials and methods

The mechanical properties of two groups of NiTi wires, austenite and R-phase, were measured in samples at two different conditions: uncycled and cycled. The cycled condition was achieved by subjecting samples of the two groups to 80% of the corresponding fatigue life under rotating bending efforts. The measured mechanical properties were then used in the finite element analysis, where the boundary and loading conditions were set to replicate a standard bending test.

Results

The results showed that mechanical cycling leads to decreasing stress levels and bending moments in the simulated files, especially in the austenitic ones. In comparison with austenite, R-phase presented a more stable mechanical behavior during cycling.

Conclusions

The results show that the moment and stress calculated for an instrument under bending can be considerably decreased after some cyclic work.

Clinical relevance

The fatigue related to the clinical use of an endodontic file decreases the moment (as well as the forces) imposed by the instrument during the shaping of a curved root canal. This decrease is directly related to the type of atomic array present in the alloy.

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Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (Capes) – Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil (CNPq), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – Brasil (Fapemig).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270–901, Brazil

    Suzanny C. S. Martins, Jessica D. Silva, Vicente T. L. Buono & Leandro A. Santos

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Paula R. Garcia & Ana C. D. Viana

Authors
  1. Suzanny C. S. Martins
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  2. Jessica D. Silva
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  3. Paula R. Garcia
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  4. Ana C. D. Viana
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  5. Vicente T. L. Buono
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  6. Leandro A. Santos
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Suzanny Martins, Jessica Silva, Leandro Santos. Methodology: Suzanny Martins, Jessica Silva, Paula Garcia. Writing: Suzanny Martins, Jessica Silva. Writing review and editing: Leandro Santos. Supervision: Leandro Santos, Ana Viana, Vicente Buono.

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Correspondence to Leandro A. Santos.

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Martins, S.C.S., Silva, J.D., Garcia, P.R. et al. Influence of cyclic loading in NiTi austenitic and R-phase endodontic files from a finite element perspective. Clin Oral Invest 26, 3939–3947 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04360-2

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