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Elevated serum levels of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 are associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome

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Abstract

Aims

Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is constitutively secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress contributing to tissue or systemic inflammation. We explored the relationship between LECT2 levels and MetS severity in humans and mice.

Methods

Serum LECT2 levels were measured in 210 participants with MetS and 114 without MetS (non-MetS). LECT2 expression in the liver and adipose tissue was also examined in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice.

Results

Serum LECT2 levels were significantly higher in MetS participants than in non-MetS participants (7.47[3.36–17.14] vs. 3.74[2.61–5.82], P < 0.001). Particularly, serum LECT2 levels were significantly elevated in participants with hypertension, central obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycaemia, elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to those in participants without these conditions. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that serum LECT2 levels were positively associated with conventional risk factors in all patients. Moreover, LECT2 was positively associated with the number of MetS components (r = 0.355, P < 0.001), indicating that higher serum LECT2 levels reflected MetS severity. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that a one standard deviation increase in LECT2 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.52 (1.01–2.29, P = 0.044) for MetS prevalence after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, white blood cell count, fasting blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, HDL-C, blood urea nitrogen, and alanine aminotransferase. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the strong predictive ability of serum LECT2 levels for MetS. The optimum serum LECT2 cut-off value was 9.05. The area under the curve was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.78, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 45.71% and 95.61%, respectively. Additionally, LECT2 expression levels were higher at baseline and dramatically enhanced in metabolic organs (e.g. the liver) and adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice and ob/ob mice.

Conclusions

Increased LECT2 levels were significantly and independently associated with the presence and severity of MetS, indicating that LECT2 could be used as a novel biomarker and clinical predictor of MetS.

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Data Availability

The information and data of the study population were extracted from Hospital Information System.

Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

CI:

Confidence interval

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

H&E:

Haematoxylin and eosin

HFD:

High-fat diet

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

ISH:

Isolated systolic hypertension

LECT2:

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

NCD:

Normal chow diet

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristic

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Standard error of the mean

TG:

Triglycerides

WAT:

White adipose tissue

WBC:

White blood cell

WC:

Waist circumference

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This study was supported by the project of National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC), No. 82171557, and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Hunan Scientific Committee, No. 2021JJ20085.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China

    Xialei Zheng, Pu Zou, Jing Liu, Cheng Zeng & Yuhu He

  2. Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China

    Junmi Lu

  3. Department of Cardiology, Hong Jiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaihua, 418200, Hunan, China

    Shaojun Xiang

  4. Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421200, Hunan, China

    Hao Chen

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Contributions

XL.Z, JM.L, P.Z, and YH.H contributed to the conception or design of the work. XL.Z, P.Z, H.C, C.Z, and SJ.X were responsible for the acquisition, analysis of data. XL.Z was the major contributor to the manuscript. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content was performed by all authors. All author agreed with the content of the article to be submitted. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yuhu He.

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The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Second Xiangya Hospital (number: 20240025) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki principles. All participants signed informed consent before their inclusion in the study.

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Zheng, X., Lu, J., Xiang, S. et al. Elevated serum levels of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 are associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol 61, 643–655 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02242-z

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