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miRNA expression in PCOS: unveiling a paradigm shift toward biomarker discovery

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Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects a substantial percentage of women, estimated at around 9–21%. This condition can lead to anovulatory infertility in women of childbearing age and is often accompanied by various metabolic disturbances, including hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels. The development of PCOS is influenced by a combination of epigenetic alterations, genetic mutations, and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs, commonly referred to as non-coding RNAs, are approximately 22 nucleotides in length and primarily function in post-transcriptional gene regulation, facilitating mRNA degradation and repressing translation. Their dynamic expression in different cells and tissues contributes to the regulation of various biological and cellular pathways. As a result, they have become pivotal biomarkers for various diseases, including PCOS, demonstrating intricate associations with diverse health conditions. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in the serum of women with PCOS, with overexpression and dysregulation of these miRNAs playing a central role in the atypical expression of endocrine hormones linked to PCOS. This review takes a comprehensive approach to explore the upregulation and downregulation of various miRNAs present in ovarian follicular cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells of women diagnosed with PCOS. Furthermore, it discusses the potential for a theragnostic approach using miRNAs to better understand and manage PCOS.

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This review paper is based on data from published articles and is independent of any patient involvement.

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Author notes

  1. Gowhar Rashid, Nihad Ashraf Khan, Deena Elsori have contributed equally as first authors.

  2. Homa Hassan and Deepali Siwan have contributed equally as third authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Lab Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India

    Gowhar Rashid

  2. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, 110025, India

    Nihad Ashraf Khan

  3. Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Deena Elsori

  4. Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, Cairo, Egypt

    Rana A. Youness

  5. Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

    Homa Hassan

  6. Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, 110017, India

    Deepali Siwan

  7. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal, 462066, India

    Namrata Seth

  8. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Azhar Kamal

  9. Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, India

    Saliha Rizvi

  10. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Asaad Ma Babker

  11. The Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

    Wael Hafez

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  1. Gowhar Rashid
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Contributions

GR, NAK, DE, RAY, HH, DS, and NS wrote the manuscript and created the figures. MAK, SR, AMB, and WH drafted the manuscript. All authors have contributed to the manuscript and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Gowhar Rashid.

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Rashid, G., Khan, N.A., Elsori, D. et al. miRNA expression in PCOS: unveiling a paradigm shift toward biomarker discovery. Arch Gynecol Obstet 309, 1707–1723 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07379-4

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