Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
We aimed to compare labial and buccal mucosa graft methods in female urethroplasty.
Methods
Female urethroplasty surgeries performed between March 2016 and October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Labial and buccal mucosa graft surgeries were listed.
Results
Between March 2016 and October 2020, a total of 28 patients had graft urethroplasty surgery in our center. Fourteen had labial, 14 had buccal onlay graft urethroplasty. The pre-treatment Qmax values were 13 ml/s in the labia major onlay graft (LMOG) group and 12.5 ml/s in the buccal mucosa onlay graft (BMOG) group. The Qmax values after the treatment were remeasured at the 1st, 3rd, and 12th months. They were 20 ml/s, 24 ml/s, and 24 ml/s in the LMOG group and 23 ml/s, 25 ml/s, and 28 ml/s in the BMOG group. The operation times were 65 min (55–90) in the LMOG group; in the BMOG group, it was 70.35 min (65–90).
Conclusions
In female urethral strictures, especially in long segments and recurrent strictures, graft urethroplasty is a successful and safe method. Dorsal buccal onlay mucosal graft and labia major grafts show similar results in the early period to complications and success. In the long term, buccal onlay mucosal graft gives better results.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions.
References
Santucci RA, Payne CK, Anger JT, Saigal CS, Urologic Diseases in America Project. Office dilation of the female urethra: a quality of care problem in the field of urology. J Urol 2008;180(5):2068–2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.037.
Bayne DB, Gaither TW, Awad MA, Murphy GP, Osterberg EC, Breyer BN. Guidelines of guidelines: a review of urethral stricture evaluation, management, and follow-up. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6(2):288–94. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2017.03.55.
Kulkarni SB, Bhat A, Bhatyal HS, et al. The Urological Society of India Guidelines for the management of urethral stricture (executive summary). Indian J Urol. 2021;37(1):6–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/iju.IJU_465_20.
Xu YM, Sa YL, Fu Q, Zhang J, Xie H, Feng C. A rationale for procedure selection to repair female urethral stricture associated with urethrovaginal fistulas. J Urol. 2013;189(1):176–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.005.
Romero-Maroto J, Verdu-Verdu L, Gomez-Perez L, Perez-Tomas C, Pacheco-Bru JJ, Lopez-Lopez A. Lateral-based anterior vaginal wall flap in the treatment of female urethral stricture: efficacy and safety. Eur Urol. 2018;73(1):123–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.09.029.
Faiena I, Koprowski C, Tunuguntla H. Female urethral reconstruction. J Urol. 2016;195(3):557–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.07.124.
Spilotros M, Malde S, Solomon E, et al. Female urethral stricture: a contemporary series. World J Urol. 2017;35(6):991–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-016-1947-7.
Bradley CS, Rovner ES. Urodynamically defined stress urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction coexist in women. J Urol. 2004;171(2 Pt 1):757–60; discussion 760–1. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000110201.74430.df.
Agochukwu-Mmonu N, Srirangapatanam S, Cohen A, Breyer B. Female urethral strictures: review of diagnosis, etiology, and management. Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20(11):74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-019-0933-1.
Blaivas JG, Santos JA, Tsui JF, et al. Management of urethral stricture in women. J Urol. 2012;188(5):1778–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.042.
Popat S, Zimmern PE. Long-term management of luminal urethral stricture in women. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(11):1735–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-016-3006-8.
Berglund RK, Vasavada S, Angermeier K, Rackley R. Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for recurrent stricture of female urethra. Urology. 2006;67(5):1069–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.12.010.
Osman NI, Mangera A, Chapple CR. A systematic review of surgical techniques used in the treatment of female urethral stricture. Eur Urol. 2013;64(6):965–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.07.038.
Petrou SP, Rogers AE, Parker AS, Green KM, McRoberts JW. Dorsal vaginal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture disease. BJU Int. 2012;110(11 Pt C):E1090–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11233.x.
Goel A, Paul S, Dalela D, Sankhwar P, Sankhwar SN, Singh V. Dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in female urethral stricture disease: a single-center experience. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25(4):525–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-013-2249-x.
Massey JA, Abrams PH. Obstructed voiding in the female. Br J Urol. 1988;61(1):36–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1988.tb09158.x.
Gormley EA. Vaginal flap urethroplasty for female urethral stricture disease. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(Suppl 1):S42–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20814.
Hoag N, Gani J, Chee J. Vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: a novel modification of surgical technique. Investig Clin Urol. 2016;57(4):298–302. https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.2016.57.4.298.
Onol FF, Antar B, Kose O, Erdem MR, Onol SY. Techniques and results of urethroplasty for female urethral strictures: our experience with 17 patients. Urology. 2011;77(6):1318–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2011.01.017.
Patil S, Dalela D, Dalela D, Goel A, Sankhwar P, Sankhwar SN. Anastomotic urethroplasty in female urethral stricture guided by cystoscopy—a point of technique. J Surg Tech Case Rep. 2013;5(2):113–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/2006-8808.128758.
Castagnetti M, Rigamonti W. Aptness and complications of labial mucosa grafts for the repair of anterior urethral defects in children and adults: single centre experience with 115 cases. World J Urol. 2009;27(6):799–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0401-5.
Patterson JM, Chapple CR. Surgical techniques in substitution urethroplasty using buccal mucosa for the treatment of anterior urethral strictures. Eur Urol. 2008;53(6):1162–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2007.10.011.
Levy AC, Vanni AJ. Refractory urethral stricture management: indications for alternative grafts and flaps. Curr Urol Rep. 2018;19(3):20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-018-0769-0.
Waterloos M, Verla W. Female urethroplasty: a practical guide emphasizing diagnosis and surgical treatment of female urethral stricture disease. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:6715257. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6715257.
Singh M, Kapoor R, Kapoor D, Kapoor R, Srivastav A, Chipde S. Dorsal onlay vaginal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture. Indian J Urol. 2013;29(2):124–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.114034.
Manasa T, Khattar N, Tripathi M, Varshney A, Goel H, Sood R. Dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture improves sexual function: short-term results of a prospective study using vaginal graft. Indian J Urol. 2019;35(4):267–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/iju.IJU_134_19.
Tsivian A, Sidi AA. Dorsal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture. J Urol 2006;176(2):611–3; discussion 613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.055.
Petrikovets A, Sun HH, Kiechle J, Chapman GC, Gonzalez CM, Hijaz A. Ventral-onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for the treatment of female urethral stricture: a step-by-step video for female pelvic reconstructive surgeons. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(12):2191–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-03987-w.
Nayak P, Mandal S, Das M. Ventral-inlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture. Indian J Urol. 2019;35(4):273–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/iju.IJU_57_19.
Coguplugil AE, Ebiloglu T, Sarikaya S, Yilmaz S, Topuz B, Gurdal M. Ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture. Int J Urol. 2021;28(5):538–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.14504.
Grant information
No grants submitted.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
C. Sahin: performed the surgeries, collected the data and designed the manuscript; C. Yesildal: wrote the article and did the statistics.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
None.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sahin, C., Yesildal, C. Female urethral stricture: which one is stronger? Labial vs buccal graft. Int Urogynecol J 33, 731–735 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-05052-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-05052-x